Crime and Punishment

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🗣️ Reported Speech

Reported speech is used to tell what another person said, without repeating their exact words 🗨️➡️📝.

🔄 Changes that occur:

• Verb tenses: change to the past
📌 “I work” → He said he worked.

• Pronouns: change depending on the speaker
📌 I → he/she, my → his/her, etc.

• Time and place expressions: also change
📆 today → that day
⏰ now → then
📍 here → there
📅 tomorrow → the next day...

📚 Examples:

• Direct: “Do you want to dance?”
✅ Reported: He asked me if I wanted to dance.

• Direct: “I have lost my wallet.”
✅ Reported: He told me that he had lost his wallet.

🧩 Common verbs to report:

• Said (does not take an object)
🗣️ He said he was tired.

• Told (takes an object)
👥 He told me he was tired.

❓ Questions in reported speech:

• If it starts with what, where, when...:
🔹 “What are you doing?” → He asked me what I was doing.

• If it’s a yes/no question:
🔹 “Did you call her?” → He asked me if I had called her.

✅ Tip: Reported speech helps us share information clearly, especially in written and professional communication ✍️💼. Understanding how to apply these changes will make your English more natural and accurate.


 ⚖️ CRIME & PUNISHMENT: Key Concepts

🟥 What is crime?

Crime is any action that violates a society’s laws and is considered harmful to individuals, communities, or the State 🏛️.

🟨 Types of crimes:

  1. 🏠 Crimes against property: Theft, vandalism, fraud.

  2. 🔪 Violent crimes: Murder, assault, rape.

  3. 💻 Cyber crimes: Hacking, identity theft.

  4. 💼 White-collar crimes: Corruption, tax evasion.

📊 Classification by severity:

• ⚠️ Minor offenses: Disorderly conduct, minor traffic violations.
• 🚨 Serious crimes: Homicide, drug trafficking.

🟩 What is punishment?

Punishment is the legal and moral response to a crime. Its purpose is to ensure justice and maintain order in society ⚖️🏙️.

🎯 Objectives of punishment:

  1. 🔁 Retribution: Penalizing the offender as payback for the harm caused.

  2. 🚫 Deterrence: Preventing future crimes by discouraging the offender and others.

  3. 🔧 Rehabilitation: Helping the offender reform and reintegrate into society.

  4. 🤝 Restoration: Repairing the harm caused to victims and communities.

🔄 Relationship between crime and punishment

The relationship between crime and punishment revolves around justice ⚖️.
Each society defines what actions are crimes and what punishments apply.
💭 However, there’s an ongoing debate about whether punishment should focus on revenge (retribution) or on rehabilitating the offender.

🧪 Practical example:

• Crime: An individual robs a bank 🏦.
• Punishment: Depending on the country and circumstances, the punishment may range from prison and fines to community service if restorative justice 🤲 is applied.

❗ Why is this topic important?

• 🛡️ It helps maintain social order.
• 📍 It ensures accountability for actions.
• 🤔 It promotes ethical reflection and respect for human rights within the justice system.

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